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		Statistics National name Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Area 41,863 sq km/16,169 sq mi Capital Amsterdam Major towns/cities The Hague (seat of government), Utrecht, Eindhoven, Maastricht Major ports Rotterdam Physical features flat coastal lowland; rivers Rhine, Schelde, Maas; Frisian Islands Territories Aruba, Netherlands Antilles (Caribbean) Political system constitutional monarchy Administrative divisions 12 provinces Population 15,503,000 (1995 est) Ethnic distribution primarily Germanic, with some Gallo-Celtic mixtures; sizeable minority of Indonesians and Surinamese Language Dutch Religions Roman Catholic, Dutch Reformed Church In the EU since 1957

		Chronology
		55 BC Julius Caesar brought lands S of Rhine under Roman rule. 4th century AD Region overrun by Franks and Saxons. 7th-8th centuries Franks subdued Saxons N of the Rhine, imposing Christianity. 843-12th centuries Division of Holy Roman Empire: the Netherlands repeatedly partitioned, not falling clearly into either French or German kingdoms.	12th-14th centuries Local feudal lords, led by count of Holland and bishop of Utrecht, became practically independent; Dutch towns became prosperous trading centres, usually ruled by small groups of merchants. 15th century Low Countries (Holland, Belgium, and Flanders) came under rule of dukes of Burgundy. 1477 Low Countries passed by marriage to Habsburgs. 1555 The Netherlands passed to Spain upon division of Habsburg domains.


1568 The Dutch rebelled under leadership of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, and fought a long war of independence. 1579 Union of Utrecht: seven northern rebel provinces formed United Provinces. 17th century `Golden Age´: Dutch led world in trade, art, and science, and founded colonies in East and West Indies, primarily through the Dutch East India Company, founded 1602. 1648 Treaty of Westphalia: United Provinces finally recognized as independent Dutch Republic. 1652-54 Commercial and colonial rivalries led to naval war with England. 1652-72 Johann de Witt ruled Dutch Republic as premier after conflict between republicans and House of Orange. 1665-67 Second Anglo-Dutch war. 1672-74 Third Anglo-Dutch war. 1672 William of Orange became stadholder (ruling as chief magistrate) of the Dutch Republic, an office which became hereditary in the Orange family. 1672-78 The Netherlands fought to prevent domination by King Louis XIV of France. 1688-97 and 1701-13 War with France resumed. 18th century Exhausted by war, the Netherlands ceased to be a Great Power. 1795 Revolutionary France conquered the Netherlands and established the Batavian Republic. 1806 Napoleon made his brother Louis king of Holland. 1810 France annexed the Netherlands. 1815 Northern and southern Netherlands (Holland and Belgium) unified as Kingdom of the Netherlands under King William I of Orange, who also became grand duke of Luxembourg. 1830 Southern Netherlands rebelled and declared independence as Belgium. 1848 Liberal constitution adopted. 1890 Queen Wilhelmina succeeded to throne; dynastic link with Luxembourg broken. 1894-96 Dutch suppressed colonial revolt in Java. 1914-18 Netherlands neutral during World War I. 1940-45 Occupied by Germany during World War II.

1948 The Netherlands formed Benelux customs union with Belgium and Luxembourg; Queen Wilhelmina abdicated in favour of her daughter Juliana. 1949 Became a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); most of Dutch East Indies became independent as Indonesia after four years of warfare.				1953 Dykes breached by storm; nearly two thousand people and tens of thousands of cattle died in flood. 1954 Remaining Dutch colonies achieved internal self-government. 1958 The Netherlands became a founding member of European Economic Community (EEC). 1963 Dutch colony of Western New Guinea ceded to Indonesia. 1975 Dutch Guiana became independent as Surinam. 1980 Queen Juliana abdicated in favour of her daughter Beatrix. 1994 Following inconclusive general election, three-party coalition formed under PvdA leader Wim Kok.

Dental Schools

Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)
University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit

Address Louwesweg 1 1066 EA Amsterdam www.acta.nl

Offices in Amsterdam-UvA; VU, VUmc; Den Haag; Almere; Hoorn

Year of foundation 1984

Number of dental students 900

Official language Dutch; Postgraduate programmes in English

Admission test No

Problem Based Learning

Lenght of studies 5 years /3 years of Bachelor of Science (BSc) and 2 years of Master of Science (MSc)/

Work with patients from the 2nd year

Fee/Year for national students1538€

Fees for treatment in the university clinic Patients pay 75% of the Dutch standard pricelist

Title after graduation Master of Science

Departments
Cariology	Endodontology	Pedodontology
Oral Function	Prosthodontics	Implantology
Oral Medicine/Surgery	Radiology
Periodontology	Oral Microbiology	Cell Biology
Oral Biochemistry	Material Sciences	Anatomy
Orthodontics
Social Dentistry

Post-initial MSc programmes 3 years
Periodontology	Endodontology	Oral Kinesiology
Pedodontics	Dental Fear	Implantology
Specialty training 3-4 years
Orthodontics	Oral Surgery
Fee/year between 0-16 000€
PhD training 4 years